Best available c



BEST AVAILABLE COP\ M. SCHIESARI APPARATUS FOR AERIAL PROJECTION Apr. 3,1923.

15, 1921 6 sheets-sheet Filed Mar.

INVENTOR BEST AVAILABLE COP:

Apr. 3, 1923. 1,450,263

M. SCHIESARI APPARATUS FOR AERIAL PROJECTION Filed Mar. 15, 1921 6sheets-sheen 2 INVENTOR Jam/J0 BEST AVAILABLE COP\ M. SCHIESARIAPPARATUS FOR AERIAL PROJECTION Apr. 3, 1923.

6 sheets shcet 3 Filed Mar. 15, 1921 INVENTOR INVENTOR 1921 6sheets-sheet 4 .(IIIII BEST AVAILABLE COP:

Apr. 3, 1923.

M. SCHIESARI APPARATUS FOR AERIAL PROJECTION Filed Mar l5 Patented Apr.3, 1923.

BEST AVAILABLE COP\ U N IT E D' S IQF'E IJCE MARIO SCHIES'ARI, or" NEW-Tenn, N-."Y.

APPARATUS FOR AERIAL PROJ'EC'JTIOIL Application filed March 15, 1921..Serial No.- 452,540.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, h/TARIO SCHIZSARI, acitizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, cityof New York, county "of New York, and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Aerial Projection,of which'the following is a full, clear, and exact description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of thisspecification.

This invention relates to a novel method and apparatus for producingaerial projections, lights, signals, advertisements, pictures, etc.';and more particularly for producing an entirely novel type of screen,making it possible to obtain novel efi'ects inzprcjection, both asregards size and location do ing away with the necessity of buildingheavy and expensive frame works.

The main object of this invention is to provide anovel method wherebyprojections may be obtained on screens created and supportedthroughtheair in a special-manner and which may be of considerable dimensions andoccupying locations which would be out of reach of the presentconstruction methods. l

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel type of screenwhichmay be used for rendering visible images, signals,

etc., projected through the air and which may assume large dimensionswithout requiring, however, the construction oi. heavy and expensiveframework and not obstructing the light of the building or structure onwhich the same is mounted.

A .still further object is to provide a screen :built on an entirelynovel principle, on which'pictures, advertisements, etc.., can beprojected and which may be used for a number of purposes for which theordinary types of screens are not suitable.

l Vith these and other objects-inoview as will more fully appear as thedescriptionproceeds, this invention consists. of certain novelarrangements of parts as will: be here inafter fully described andclaimed in=the appended claims My invention is based on theopticalillusion created by a radially-extending surface: rapidly revolvingaround its center, which.

causes the eye to see a solid diskwhile in reality onlya portion of saiddisk is there. Through the same phenomenon the wheels of an automobilerun at very high speedap pear like semitransparentdisks, while inreality they consist of a number of spokes separated from each other.This optical illusion is due to the permanency of images on the retinaof the human eye which has been estimated to last in the average personabout of a second. Through the same cause if a luminous point, like forinstance an incandescent carbon is rapidly rotated the eye will receivethe illusion of an uninterrupted circle of light. Thisdllusion isrduetothe impression that the image of a moving body on the retina persistsfor about of a second after the body itself has .disappeared or hasmoveda certain spaceg The impression of continuity of motionwhich isobtained in moving plctures is due to the same cause as well as thewell-known physical demonstration of blending of different colors whichis obtained through, thegrapid rotation-of aydisk having radialiportions will;.producepurple, and the-seven funda' mental colors willproducela white'surface.

In the same -manner I jcreate; a. circular screen through arapid,rotation, of blade or blades or-segments adapted to create-an impressionon the retina with;;a =frequency of not less than 2' of :3 secondgfor-instano'e if the revolving surface is constituted ,bytwo oppositeradially extending segments;v in order to produce the illusion ofa soliddisk it will be suflicient that samezberotated at not less than sevenhundred and twenty revolutions per minute. A good illustration of anelementary form'which may be assumed by my revolving screen is given forinstance by a rapidly rotating aeroplane propeller. v I

By thus producingthezimpression ofia solid or annular disk I will at thesame time have :created av screen on 2 which-permanent or animated .images vmay be projected; :so that a vastv field foraproducingnovelueiflects in :advertising, aeroplane signalling, etc., is renderedavailable. i a

A revolving .screen built ,on the'above mentioned principle :ispossessed of many.

some and expensive-framework, suchasire quired by presentimethods.imorder to make the structure suificiently strong to resist Windpressure. The same remark applies to the possibility of creatinghorizontal projection surfaces adapted to give the impress sion ofprojections through the air on sur-' faces having no visible means ofsupport.

2. The possibility of producing a vertical screen in front of a buildingwithout obstructing the light to the building itself and withoutobstructing the line of vision from thebuilding. It will thus bepossible to see the projection andat the same time to see the buildingback of it. Another important advantage of such a type of screen is thatsince" in most cases it will only be practical to make projections onthe same at night, when the device is maintained stationary during theday it will be inconspicuous and will not detract from the appearance ofthe building orstructure on which the same is mounted 'to any noticeableextent. I I

3. Another advantage is the possibility of adjusting the revolvingscreen so as to bring the same in different planes or to create avariety of motions in the same by means of oscillating or rotatingdevices which will permit of obtaining novel and p be made larger orsmaller at will."

startling effects. Byhaving' the rotating surface attached to extensiblecarriers the diameter of the screen produced may also 4. The momentumof'theu'otating body renders the same better adapted to resist windpressure than a stationary screen.

" *5. The possibility of producing the same projection on; a se'rie'sof=coaxi"al screens located at'a distance fromeach -other'.

v 6; The possibility of creating the optical illusion of inscriptlons'orimage's'inthe air obtained" not through projections, but throughportions =ofsaid inscriptions or images separately carried through theair by the carriers and producing the optical illusion of theinscription or image recomposed' in its entirety. 2

In another patent application filed simultaneously herewith and havingfor title Method and-= apparatus for utilization of centrifugal force Ihave described a novel method andTapparatus wherebyi various, devicesmay b'e c'aused to rotate 'throughthe air within adjustable radii andondifferent planes according to the type of apparatus used; and-itmay'be here stated that the? general typeof apparatus described therein.

fitted with screen segments atthe end of" V collapsible carriers' iswell suited forapplication in connection withmy'present inventlOn/f-l'In the drawings I illustrate a few devices wherebymyflinvention may becarried into practice and I also illustrate some possible applicationsof my inv'ention'for advertising orsignallin'g purposes. "Referring tosame Figsa l, 2, 3-.and at are side views in elevation partly sectionedof four elementary forms of a device for operating a revolving screen;

F ig. 5 device shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a front .view in elevation of a building showing theapplication of my invention on the front of the building and on its top;

Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a front view in elevation partlysectioned and a plan 1s a front view an elevation oi the view of anotherdevice designed for carrying my invention into practice;

Fig. 9 is a plan sectional view of the same through line r l -B of Fig.7;

Fig. 10 is a side view in elevation partly broken away of a universaltype of machine for operating non-extensible screens;

Fig. 11 is a front view in elevation partly.

broken away of a universal type of machine for operating screens ofthe'eXtensible type; Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are detail plan views ofdifferent" forms of screens;

Fig. 15 is a detail plan'view of an electric bulb attached in place'of ascreen; Figs. l6, 17 are respectively a' detail plan view and a detailview in perspective of two a different arrangements of screens; v

Fig. 18 is a front view 'infeleva'ti'onof a building with a machineofthe type'sho'wn in Fig. lOniounted OIL'ltS top; Fig. 151 is a view inperspective-showing a movingpi'ct'ure'machine making a projec;

tion on one of my 'soreensj Fig. 20 is a view in perspectiveof'a'seriesof three coaxial revolving screensillu'strating the possibility ofsimuIta-neOiisprO- jection on the same"; and 1 Fig'Ql is a front view'inelevation of a building with a machine of the type shown in Fig. 11mounted on its top. Fig. 22 is adetail view in eievation of anarrangement for creating a screen in the form of an inverted cone. T v

As hereinbefore stated myvinvent'ionbonsists essentially of a method forproducing aerial projectionswhich comprises the em-' The devices whichmay be employed in order to carry my invention into practice do not forma part of this invention; in the drawings, however, I show several typesof devices suitable for use in connection with my invention forexplanatory purposes.

Thus in Fig. l I show anelementary form of device suitable for'producinga revolving screen of "permanent diameter through the employment ofa'revolving'element carrying two screen-blades; -Insaid figure, l and 2designate'sai'd screen blades mounted on a shaft 3 which-is caused torotate-by a inotor'4. Motor 4 =rnay be=located"-inside of-the buildingwhileitsshaft 3 may be projecting through the 'wall 5. "Screen-blades 1=and-2 may be made ot-translucent material and 'a projector- -6 coaxialtherewith and :oontrolledby a switch '7, may be employed toproj'ectimages or inscriptions or advertisements 'asmay'bethe case throughasuitableislide- '5 In'F-ig:' 2 a'similararrangement is shownwith=thedifierence that-the motor 8 is not coaxial with the shaft 9 andtherevolving screen flOg but drives-- a pulley 11 whichis'ino'untedon'saidshaft 9.-

v In -F I 3 show fa device' composed of a motor 12' on it-"shaft13:0I1'Wlil0l1 is mounteda'revolvin'g screen *1'4;th'e= entire" setbeingsupported: outside of th'ebuilding by means of: a "bracket 15',the-'mtltor= being controlled by 'a switch i 16' 'locatedfiinside of the"build-'- ing: ='-In'this guie no projector is shown} it being assumedthat the's'cren blades be made of opaque 'material -and adapted fo r"p'rpjeetion 'zfrom'themutside;

In' Fi'gs; 4*zind 5 is shown a device com prising a sic'ren 'revol'vingin a plane n'or-' mal to the'wa'llof thebuilding, and, there fore; welladapted for signs-or. advertisement'which may be seen fr'o'm' aconsiderable distance "from :'.-the' sidewalk running along said 'wall.''ln tlie "same 17,- 18 iare the two screen blades mounted onshaftf19'support ed ona'braclget 20'an'd driven by -means of a belt 2-1*whichis; run by-m'o'tor 22. Iii the same show two projectors 23 '24employed, one -on eaeh=side of the screen, which will make theprojection visible from both sides.

In-Fig. '6 I" show two p'os'sible applications ofthe-e'lementary type ofmy "revolving screen for advertising" or signalling-pm poses. In thesame 25 designates a rotate ins device adapted to operate two screenblades 26-, 27 causing the same'to produce a revolving screen infrontof=a building 28.

Suclra revolving screen may assume'considerable dimen'sion's'"especially when the rotating device is located on'bne of the upperstories. Another device is shown mou'ntetl on top of thebuilding'co'mprising a t ertical'sliaft29 (iarryin'g two fs-rreen bl adcs 30;31, hinged iiar 'the center so that wh'eu the'de'vice isinoperatiyethe same occupy the position 30', 31" shown in dottedlines-When the shaft is rotated the two blades will beImainta iiied' 'iiiQ thhorizontal 'po sitionsh'own in full lines by centrifugal for'ce'and twoprojectors 32,33 located. one

on each side: of, the screen will produce on the 'sametlife d siredprojection. If it should besufiicient'forithe projection to be; seen"from below one'iwr' projector 1-32 BEST AVAILABLE C angles to each otherand capable 'of'rotating' the four sets 'of'sc-reens"also around'an"ax1's parallel to the planes of rotation of said screens. In'thesame 34 designates :tlre body of the machine iutegral'wi'th aVertical'tubular support 35 in which is rotatably mounted hub orsleeve-36-of"upper' -frame 37 formed with four arms 38, '39, 40,41. Onthe lower part of sleere36 is mounted a worm wheel '42 which may beoperated or locked by a worm 43 'mountedon'a shaft 44. Said shaftmay inits turnbeoperated through sprocket wheel 45 mounted on'the sameconnectedby chain 46 to sprocketwheel 47 which is i loosely mounted on'driirg ing shaft 48 operated by a fmotor '49. Sprocket wheel 47 maybeconnectedyto'or disconnected fromshatt 48 by means of a clutch 50, Onshaft 48 is also'lixed a driving pinion 51 in mesh with gear 52'mo'untedon vertical shaft 53 rotatablyniounted through sleeve 36 and at theupper'end of which is fixed a conical gear wheel 54f Said gear wheel 54is in mesh with pinion's 55,66, 57 58 respectively mounted on" shafts59, 60, 61 62 which carry rerol'ti'n' "screeii:.=.53-. 64, 65.; 66. Fourprojectors67, 68, 6.9, "O are. also'fprovided; one, for each screen.

hen the machine is in the position shown .slow rotation of worn: wheel42- andft herefore. of'the four-arired frame Wee-frying the screenshafts, and the four screens will rotate simultaneously on theirrespective shafts and around. "ert-ica-l shaft 53 occupyin; successivepositions around a c-i ifcumlference asshown in dotted lines in Fig. 8.By meansof this device, therefore four different projections my berendered alternately visible from all directions. l 4

In Fig. 10 I show a machine comprising a stationary axle 71 on which isrotatably mounted a sleeve 72 carrying; a screen 73. 74 designates theframe of the machine proper which is rotatably mounted on the base 75,and 76 designates a worm wheel segment integral with axle-71 andhive-wally mounted at 77 on frame'74. The-various Ilfo mechanismscontrolling the operationiof axle 71.and sleeve 72 have been describedin the other patent application above referred to; and through the sameit is; possible. to adjust the position of axle ilat any point betweenthe vertical and the horizontal on each side; it is also possible tocause the same to alternately swing from one-side to the other audit isfurthermore possible to cause frame 74 to rotate on its axis, while axle71 remains stationary in the position in which it has been set or iscaused to swing from one side to the other. J'IH'F 11 I 'llustrateanother universal type of machine comprising a stationary axle 78integral with worm wheel segment 79 pivotallymounted on a shaft 80carried. by a ,frame 81, also rotatably mounted like in the previouscase on a stationary base 82. Onsaid a'xle 78 isrot-atably mounted asleeve 83, carrying drums 84 on which can. be wound or unwound flexiblecarriers at the end of which the screen segments may be attached. Thistype of machine-has also i been extensively described in my ownpatentapplication abovereferred to and may be usedfor producing an annularextensible screen which may-be caused to change at will its diameterwhile the plane of rota-.

tion maybe causedz to assume all the posi tions mentioned in connectionwith's'creen 73. of Fig. 10. 1 i i -;In addition to these thecollapsible screen may also .be caused to assume an undulating motiondescribing aucone around axle. 78.. In Figs., 12,.13, 14 .I-showdififerent types.

of constructions of screenssuitable for .use' in connection with themachmeshown; in

Fig;' ,1 1. i; The. screen, shown in Fig. 12 iscomposedfof a frame 85onwhich is mounted a panel 86 of translucent material. The screen shown inFig. 13 is composed of one solidzpanel 8ft; adapted for projection froman outer source, and the screen shown in Fig.14 iscomposed of a frame 88onwhich. is mounted a translucent screen composed of'severalsections 89,90, .91, 92. Thisconstruction is suitable for screens of largedimensions In Fig. 15 I illustrate the pos 'sibilityof attaching a lamp923- at the. end

' of. flexible carrier 94 in place, of a screen in order toobt'ainiluminous effects.

In Figs. 16 and 17 I illustrate two. dif-l ferent .arrangements ofscreens for flexible carriers,' ,the first one ofwhich will create threeannular. concentric screens 95, 96, 97 and the other one producing asingle wide,

annular screen 98. g

In Fig. 18, 99 designatesa building. on

the top of which hasbeen mounted a machine 100 of the type shown in Fig.10 and capable, therefore, of. producing rotating screens in a number ofpositions at the front or atthe side or above thebuilding.

In Fig. 19 I illustrate the possibility of,

BEST AVAILABLE C In F ig.- 20 I-illustrate the possibility ofsimultaneously, obtaining the same projection on a plurality of coaxial.revolving screens 103, 104, 105.' The only condition necessary inorderto makeit possible for the rays of light to pass through from one screento the next is that theiscreen blades of the variousfscreens must be setatdifferent angles, so that the blades of the screen in front will notprevent the rays of light from reaching the blades, of the screen in therear. I

In Fig. 21, 106 designates'a building on the top of which is mounted amachine 107 of the type-shown in Fig. 11, giving, therefore, thepossibilityof' producing annular screens of various diameters set in.a-number of positions at difi'er'ent angles. and adapted to assumealternativeswinging motion orrotating motion or undulating mo-' tion, ora combination ofall these motions position on,account,-ofi-beingioverbalanced and. during-the course-{of theinirotation the resistance Y ofa-thel air against, theirsinclinedsurfaces,;.-will cause thersamei-toz-climb upwardly, thisaction-being similar tothe one. causing an aeroplane -to-climb 2in=theair,

'From' the foregoing it; is seen that Ir=pro-.- vide-a novel method forproducing aerial: projections whereby it ispossible to" obtain resultswhich would be impossible with the: methods heretofore .in :use. alsoprovide; a. screen of a novel and improved construction whichofitself:is-alsopossessedof nian'y ad.-' vantages. which are not v found;iini-screens heretoforev in -use. While all- :thei-screensshown in the:drawings: are'- produced by elements rotating aroundaa- -point of-suport, it is obviousthatsimilar:efiectsrcou dbe obtained by; imparting tothe screen ele; ments some other motion aslong asthe .basic principle.is retained; ofmoin'ngrthe, same, through .theair-at a speed-,sufiicientto give;

suitable material, such as-;,wil1 enter fairly into the scope of theappended claims I claim:

1. The combination of a screen segment, means for attaching the same atone of its ends, means for causing the rotation of said screen segmentaround its point of support, a frame carrying said screen segment, andmeans for moving said frame so as to alter the plane of rotation of saidsegment.

2. The combination of a screen segment, means for attaching the same atone of its ends, means for causing the rotation of said segment aroundits point of support, a movable frame carrying said segment, and meanscontrolling the movement of said frame causing the plane of rotation ofsaid segment to move along a predetermined path of travel.

3. The combination of a screen segment, supporting means for the same,extensible means connecting said segment to said supporting means, andmeans for causing the rotation of said supporting means around its axis.

4. The combination of a screen segment, supporting means for the same,extensible means connecting said segment to said supporting means, andmeans for causing the rotation of said supporting means around BESTAVAILABLE COP:

its axis, and means for controlling the extension and retraction of saidflexible connecting means.

5. The ,,combination of a screen segment, supporting means for the same,extensible means connecting said segment to said supporting means, andmeans for causing the rotation of said supporting means around its axis,and means for controlling the extension and retraction of said flexibleconnecting means, and means for altering the plane of rotation of saidsupporting means.

6. The combination of a screen segment, supporting means for the same,extensible means connecting said segment to' said supporting means, andmeans for causing the rotation of said supporting means around its axis,and means for controlling the extension and retraction of said flexibleconnecting means, and means for simultaneously causing the plane ofrotation of said supporting means to move along a prede-,

termined path of travel. MARIO SCHIESARI.

Witnesses:

R. Pxsonx, A. L. GONZALEZ.

